Cannabis Terpenes 101

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in the cannabis plant’s trichomes, where they coexist with cannabinoids like THC and CBD. They play a key role in shaping cannabis’s signature scent, and some users believe they may influence its effects. While the exact impact of terpenes—both on their own and in combination with cannabis—remains an area of ongoing research, the following descriptions can help guide your product selection.

Remember, individual experiences vary. The best approach is to stay informed and explore cautiously to find what works best for you.

Bisabolol is a terpene known for its gentle, soothing qualities and distinctive floral aroma, complemented by subtle notes of pepper and nut. Naturally occurring in chamomile and the bark of the candeia tree, this terpene has been widely used in skincare and wellness products due to its calming and anti-inflammatory properties.

In cannabis, bisabolol contributes to the plant’s aromatic complexity and is often associated with relaxation and potential skin-soothing benefits. While research is still evolving, some users believe it may enhance the overall cannabis experience by promoting tranquillity and comfort. Its presence in chamomile, a well-known herb for relaxation, further supports its reputation as a calming compound.

Borneol is a refreshing, aromatic terpene known for its minty, spicy, and slightly woody scent. It is found in various fragrant herbs, including rosemary, mint, ginger, mugwort, tarragon, camphor, and wormwood. It has been traditionally used in herbal medicine and essential oils for centuries.

Renowned for its invigorating properties, borneol is often associated with a cooling sensation, similar to menthol, making it a popular ingredient in natural remedies. Some believe it may promote relaxation while also enhancing mental clarity and focus. In cannabis, borneol contributes to the plant’s unique aroma and may complement other terpenes to create a well-rounded sensory experience. While research is ongoing, borneol’s long-standing use in traditional practices suggests it may offer both aromatic and therapeutic benefits.

Caryophyllene is a distinctive terpene known for its bold, peppery, and spicy aroma, commonly found in herbs and spices such as black pepper, cloves, cinnamon, caraway, basil, oregano, hops, and rosemary. Unlike most terpenes, caryophyllene stands out for its ability to interact directly with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS)—specifically, the CB2 receptors, which are associated with inflammation and immune response.

Often described as a balancing terpene, caryophyllene contributes to a sense of grounding and relaxation while potentially supporting the body’s natural ability to manage discomfort. In cannabis, its presence may enhance the overall experience by complementing other cannabinoids and terpenes in what’s known as the entourage effect. Its prevalence in common culinary ingredients makes it a familiar and well-loved component of many natural remedies and holistic wellness approaches.

Cymene is an aromatic terpene known for its warm, woody, and subtly spicy scent with hints of citrus. It is naturally occurring in a variety of herbs and spices, including coriander, oregano, thyme, and cumin. Cymene has been valued for centuries in traditional herbal medicine and essential oil blends.

Often described as a centring terpene, cymene is believed to contribute to a sense of balance and focus. Some research suggests it may have potential antioxidant and soothing properties, making it a common component in holistic wellness practices. In cannabis, cymene enhances the plant’s aromatic complexity, blending well with other terpenes to create a rich and layered sensory experience. While its full effects are still being explored, cymene’s presence in many culinary and medicinal plants suggests it may play a role in flavour enhancement and potential therapeutic benefits.

Eucalyptol, or cineol, is a refreshing and invigorating terpene recognized for its crisp, cooling, and minty aroma. Found abundantly in eucalyptus trees, bay leaves, tea trees, rosemary, sage, and cardamom, eucalyptol is a key component in many essential oils and herbal remedies.

Renowned for its revitalizing properties, eucalyptol is commonly associated with clarity, alertness, and a refreshing sensation. Its naturally cool sensation is similar to menthol, making it a popular ingredient in wellness products, aromatherapy, and even respiratory treatments. In cannabis, eucalyptol enhances the aromatic profile, lending a fresh, almost medicinal scent that blends well with other terpenes.

Beyond its fragrance, eucalyptol has been widely studied for its potential antioxidant and soothing effects. Its presence in various herbs has long been linked to traditional holistic practices. While research is ongoing, many believe that this terpene contributes to an uplifting and refreshing experience, making it a valued component in both natural medicine and cannabis formulations.

Fenchol is a complex and refreshing terpene known for its woody, piney, floral, and slightly citrusy aroma, with hints of lime and a subtle bitterness. Naturally found in fennel, basil, and certain coniferous plants, fenchol plays a key role in shaping the characteristic fragrance of basil, adding to its crisp and herbal profile.

Recognized for its restorative and uplifting properties, fenchol is often associated with promoting a sense of freshness and mental clarity. Its presence in basil, a widely used herb in culinary and holistic traditions, hints at its potential wellness benefits. Some research suggests that fenchol may possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making it valuable in natural health and wellness formulations.

Fenchol contributes to cannabis’s rich, layered aroma, enhancing its earthy and herbal notes. While its specific effects are still being explored, many believe that this terpene can provide a refreshing and rejuvenating sensory experience, making it a sought-after element in terpene-rich cannabis strains.

Geraniol is a delicate and aromatic terpene known for its sweet, floral, and fruity scent, reminiscent of roses, citronella, and fresh citrus. Naturally found in geranium flowers, roses, lemons, tobacco, and other fragrant plants, this terpene is widely used in perfumes, essential oils, and skincare products due to its pleasant fragrance and potential wellness benefits.

Often associated with relaxation and tranquillity, geraniol is believed to contribute to a calming and soothing experience. Its presence in essential oils like rose and citronella has made it a staple in aromatherapy, where it is used to promote a sense of balance and ease. Some research also suggests that geraniol may possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a valuable ingredient in holistic wellness applications.

Geraniol enhances cannabis’s aromatic complexity, adding a soft, floral sweetness that pairs well with other terpenes. While its exact effects in cannabis are still being studied, many users report that geraniol-rich strains offer a mellow and comforting experience, making them a popular choice for those seeking a gentle, uplifting aroma with potential therapeutic benefits.

Humulene is a distinctive terpene known for its woody, earthy aroma with subtle citrus undertones. Found abundantly in hops, coriander, cloves, basil, black pepper, and ginseng, humulene is a key contributor to the characteristic scent of beer, particularly hoppy varieties. Its presence in a diverse range of plants hints at its long history of use in herbal medicine and traditional wellness practices.

Often described as a motivating and energizing terpene, humulene is believed to promote mental clarity and focus while also playing a role in balancing and grounding the senses. Some research suggests it may have anti-inflammatory and appetite-suppressing properties, making it a point of interest for those exploring cannabis for wellness purposes.

In cannabis, humulene adds a robust, earthy depth to the aroma profile, often blending seamlessly with other terpenes, such as caryophyllene, to create a rich, spicy scent. While its effects are still being studied, many users find that humulene-rich strains provide a clear-headed, uplifting experience, making it a sought-after terpene in strains associated with productivity and motivation.

Limonene is a vibrant and uplifting terpene recognized for its zesty citrus aroma, featuring bright notes of lemon, orange, and grapefruit. Found abundantly in citrus rinds, juniper, peppermint, rosemary, and cannabis, limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature, second only to pinene. Its fresh, energizing scent makes it a popular ingredient in cleaning products, perfumes, and aromatherapy.

Often associated with elevated mood and mental clarity, limonene is believed to contribute to a sense of positivity and focus. Some research suggests it may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and stress-relieving properties, potentially supporting overall well-being. In aromatherapy and holistic medicine, limonene-rich essential oils are frequently used to promote relaxation and cognitive function.

In cannabis, limonene enhances the flavour and aroma of strains with its tangy, citrus-forward profile, often contributing to an invigorating and refreshing experience. While individual effects vary, many users seek out limonene-rich strains for their potential to provide an uplifting, energizing, and mood-boosting sensation, making this terpene a favourite among those looking for a bright and revitalizing cannabis experience.

Linalool is a delicate and calming terpene best known for its soft, floral aroma with hints of lavender, citrus, and spice. Naturally found in lavender, laurel, mint, birch trees, and rosewood, linalool is a key component in many essential oils and is widely used in aromatherapy and relaxation-focused wellness products.

Often associated with stress relief and tranquillity, linalool is believed to promote a sense of calm and relaxation, making it a prevalent terpene for those seeking a more soothing cannabis experience. Research suggests that linalool may have sedative, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory properties, further supporting its reputation as a terpene linked to restfulness and well-being.

Linalool contributes to a floral, herbal fragrance in cannabis and is commonly found in sativa-dominant strains despite its often relaxing effects. Some users report that linalool-rich strains help with relaxation, sleep support, and mood balance, making it a sought-after terpene for those looking to unwind and de-stress while enjoying a nuanced, aromatic experience.

Myrcene is a mellowing and intensely aromatic terpene known for its earthy, musky scent with subtle hints of cloves and ripe fruit. Found abundantly in mangoes, wild thyme, hops, lemongrass, bay leaves, and citrus fruits, myrcene plays a significant role in the fragrance and therapeutic properties of many plants. It is also the most prevalent terpene in cannabis, especially in indica-dominant strains, where it is often present in high concentrations.

Often linked to relaxation and sedation, myrcene is believed to contribute to the “couch-lock” effect commonly associated with certain indica strains. Some studies suggest it may have anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain-relieving), and muscle-relaxing properties, making it a prevalent terpene among those seeking relief from tension or discomfort.

In cannabis, myrcene not only enhances a strain’s aromatic complexity but may also influence its effects through the entourage effect, working in synergy with cannabinoids like THC and CBD. Many users report that myrcene-rich strains provide a calming, full-body relaxation experience, making this terpene a key component for those looking for a soothing, unwinding sensation at the end of the day.

Ocimene is a refreshing and purifying terpene known for its sweet, tropical, floral, and woody aroma. Naturally present in allspice, mint, basil, parsley, pepper, orchids, and citrus fruits, ocimene plays a key role in the fragrance profiles of many plants and is commonly used in perfumes, essential oils, and natural insect repellents.

Often associated with clarity and lightness, ocimene is believed to contribute to an uplifting and energizing experience. Some research suggests it may have antifungal, antibacterial, and decongestant properties, making it valuable in holistic wellness practices. Its crisp, citrusy notes and fresh, herbal character are often linked to feelings of refreshment and mental alertness.

In cannabis, ocimene adds a distinctive sweetness and tropical flair to the strain’s aroma, complementing other terpenes like limonene and myrcene. While its precise effects are still being studied, many users seek out ocimene-rich strains for their light, uplifting, and invigorating qualities, making it a desirable terpene for those looking for a bright, refreshing cannabis experience.

Pinene is a refreshing and energizing terpene known for its distinct scent of fresh pine and sweet wood. As the most common terpene in the natural world, it is abundantly found in pine needles, conifer trees, orange peels, rosemary, parsley, dill, basil, and sage. This terpene plays a crucial role in the aromatic identity of forests, giving them their characteristic crisp and invigorating fragrance.

Pinene is often associated with mental clarity, alertness, and focus. Some studies suggest that it may help counteract memory impairment associated with THC, potentially leading to a more balanced cannabis experience. Additionally, pinene has been explored for its anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory (airway-opening), and antimicrobial properties, making it a valuable component in holistic wellness and herbal medicine.

In cannabis, pinene contributes to a bright, refreshing aroma, often enhancing the overall sensory experience of a strain. Many users seek out pinene-rich strains for their potential uplifting and mentally stimulating effects, making it a favourite among those looking for a clear-headed, refreshing cannabis experience that supports creativity and focus.

Terpineol is a refreshing and aromatic terpene known for its delicate floral, citrusy, and slightly woody scent, often compared to lilac, lime blossoms, and eucalyptus. It plays a key role in the distinctive flavour of lapsang souchong tea, contributing to its rich, smoky, and slightly sweet profile. Naturally found in pine trees, lilac trees, eucalyptus leaves, sap, and cannabis, terpineol is widely used in perfumes, essential oils, and aromatherapy products due to its pleasant and soothing fragrance.

Often associated with relaxation and tranquillity, terpineol is believed to have calming, antioxidant, and potential immune-supporting properties. Some research suggests it may contribute to stress relief and overall well-being, making it a sought-after terpene in wellness and holistic health applications.

In cannabis, terpineol enhances the aromatic complexity of a strain, lending soft floral and citrus undertones that balance out earthier or more pungent terpenes. Many users report that terpineol-rich strains offer a gentle, soothing, and slightly uplifting experience, making it a popular choice for those looking for a mellow, enjoyable cannabis experience with a refreshing, spa-like aroma.

Terpinolene is a vibrant and cleansing terpene known for its fresh, piney, floral, and slightly herbal aroma. Found in nutmeg, tea tree, conifers, apples, cumin, lilac trees, and certain citrus fruits, terpinolene contributes to the refreshing scent of forests and flowers and is also a key component in essential oils, perfumes, and natural cleaning products.

Unlike many terpenes with distinct sedative or energizing effects, terpinolene is thought to have a multi-faceted influence, often described as lightly uplifting yet calming. Some research suggests it may possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, making it a versatile terpene with potential holistic wellness benefits. Due to its naturally fresh and purifying scent, terpinolene is commonly used in aromatherapy to promote mental clarity and relaxation without excessive drowsiness.

In cannabis, terpinolene adds a crisp, floral complexity to the strain’s aroma, often complementing fruity, citrusy, or earthy notes. Although not as commonly dominant as terpenes like myrcene or limonene, its presence is notable in sativa-leaning strains, often associated with a refreshing, clear-headed, and mildly energizing experience. Many users seek terpinolene-rich strains for their well-balanced effects, offering a gentle boost of focus and creativity while maintaining a relaxed mind.

Wondering which terpenes are citrusy, spicy, woodsy, etc.? Check out our terpene wheel.